Resolve SSL certificate error with Git¶

Git uses cURL internally for transfering files. Unfortunately cURL uses its own certificate-store
and the certificate-chain used here (Telekom-CA-->DFN-CA-->TU-Clausthal) isn't included by default.

Now, when you try to access a Git-repository you will get an error similar to this:
Windows

git clone https://scm.in.tu-clausthal.de/git/testgit
Cloning into 'testgit'...
fatal: unable to access 'https://scm.in.tu-clausthal.de/git/testgit/': 
SSL certificate problem: unable to get local issuer certificate

Linux

git clone https://scm.in.tu-clausthal.de/git/testgit
Cloning into 'testgit'...
error: server certificate verification failed. CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt 
CRLfile: none while accessing https://scm.in.tu-clausthal.de/git/testgit/info/refs

This is because by default cURL does not know the used certificate chain and rejects the GIT operation, which is a good thing to do so.
The solution is to tell Git/cURL about this chain.

1. the good and secure method which requires to install the certificate chain used here.
2. the bad and insecure method which is based on the fact that GIT/cURL bypasses the SSL certificate verification. The bad and insecure method allows a man-in-the-middle-attack and should NOT be used. You have been warned! Don't even think about using it. If you are really, really, really ... sure about what you going to to, follow the bad and insecure method.

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The good and secure method to use Git over HTTPS¶

Git uses cURL for transfering files. Unfortunately the root certificate of the certificate chain used here at the Clausthal University of Technologoy is not included in the default cURL installation. (See this page for further information about TU Claustha-CA)

The certificate chain looks like this:

"Deutsche Telekom Root CA 2" 
+--"DFV-Verein PCA Global -G01" 
   +--"TU Clausthal CA - G02"@
      +--"scm.in.tu-clausthal.de" 

In order to securely work with Git you need to import the DFN certificate chain into the cURL CA-Certificates.
cURL provides an extract of CA-Certs from Mozilla in which the DFC-CA-chain needs to be imported.
We will provide the step-by-step-manual for most operating systems.

1. Download the DFN-certificate-chain from the DFN (Deutsches Forschungs Netz)
   Right-click on "Zertifikatkette anzeigen" and select "Save target at"
   https://pki.pca.dfn.de/tu-clausthal-ca/pub/cacert/chain.txt
2. Download the cURL-CA-certs from the cURL Website.
   http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem
3. Append the DFN-CA-chain to cURL-CA-certs.
   For the lasy ones: You can download the already merged Mozilla-DFN-Certificate-Chain.pem cURL-DFN-chain here.
4. Place the file 'Mozilla-DFN-Certificate-Chain.pem' in your home directory.
5. Create a new textfile '.gitconfig' - or edit the probably existing one in your home directory and add/edit the following two lines:
   *NOTE: Do NOT FORGET to change the path to your home directory!*
   *NOTE2: Windows users must use a double-backslash '\\', UN*X users use a single forward slash '/' as directory separator.
   

   [http]
       sslCAInfo = c:\\Users\\USERNAME\\Mozilla-DFN-Certificate-Chain.pem
   

That's all. Just run Git and it will work securely.

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Note: cURL provides an automatic extract of all root-certificated from Mozilla. This ca-file can be downloaded here. For more information about cURL certificates head over to this page

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